VII.根据以下内容写一篇短文介绍我国著名的科学家钱学森。（只能用五个句子）（ 15 ）1．1911年12月11日

英语演讲短文:科学

　大学英语四级考试已成为我国最普遍、最权威的英语水平考核标准 。我精心收集了关于英语4级短文，供大家欣赏学习!

科学家寻找矿物的专属区域

　Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour's 11 one of the scientists wrote in his book, "Look here for 12 metal. " Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain region, sent a 13 to other scientists on the ground, "Gold possible. " Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metals. " From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word, "Uranium. "

　None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no 14 powers for looking down below the earth's surface. They were 15 putting to use one of the newest methods of 16 minerals in the ground?using trees and plants as 17 that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and plants are growing.

　This newest method of searching for minerals is 18 on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may 19 the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.

　At Watson Bar Creek, a brook six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was 20 marked. In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.

　人类大脑智力的决定因素

　There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual? the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(不利) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

　The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(抚养) homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.

　我的朋友索菲亚布伦特

　Sophy Brent came to visit me nearly every day. She made me feel uneasy most of the time. She smoked 11 and never used an ashtray. She followed me into the kitchen while I made tea or coffee or supper and 12 herself to the children's orange juice. She made a great hit with my two-year-old daughter Flora, who would 13 about her for hours and refer to her lovingly as "sofa", and she was always talking about my husband and asking me where he was.

　I could not decide why she chose my 14 , although I realized that nobody else paid her very much attention. Her situation was very difficult in that she was 15 out of drama school and only nineteen, but being 16 to play a leading part in a company of fairly 17 and experienced actors. They would not have liked her much even if she had been good, and as, from all accounts, she was not good so they took every 18 to run her down. I think she thought that I was the only person around who was both unconnected with the theatre and tolerably 19 . To associate with me was not, at any rate, to step down the scale. And for my part, although I felt troubled by her I did not dislike her. There was something genuinely outstanding in her personality, and she had such physical 20 that with me she could get away with anything. She was nice to have around, like flowers or a bowl of fruit.

英语演讲短文带翻译：Many scientists, from their earlier work, know enough to make good guesses on the solutions to the problems they are working on.

许多科学家从他们早期的工作中积累了很多知识,足以对他们钻研的问题的解决方案做出很好的猜想
。

In making new discoveries, they may use trial-and-error, they may use past experience, duanwenw.com or they may try to find out what others have discovered. They may come up with new experiments and new ways of testing their results. Scientists have to train themselves to use their brains efficiently; that is, they train themselves to think.

在探索新事物的时候,他们可以采用反复试验的方法,可以利用过去的经验,或者是借鉴别人的探索成果。他们可以设计出新的试验,研究出新的方法来检验他们的结果 。科学家们得训练自己有效地使用大脑；也就是说,训练自己去思考。

For example, when Thomas A. Edison was trying to make an electric lamp, he needed a substance for the filament* inside the bulb that would glow brightly without burning up quickly. He tried more than a thousand different filaments before he found one that he could use. After each trial he thought about how the new substance had behaved. He kept notes and compared results. After he had experimented for a long time, someone asked Mr. Edison if he was ever discouraged by the time they thought he had wasted. He replied, "I have not been wasting time. I have just found a thousand materials that won’t work. Now I can look for others that will." Edison’s statement is important. Above all, scientists demand to know when and where they are wrong. A good question to ask in science is not, "Am I right? "but, "Am I wrong?"

例如,当托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生在发明电灯过程中,他需要一种既能发出明亮的光又不会很快烧毁的材料来作灯泡里的灯丝
。英语短文他尝试了一千多种不同的灯丝后才找到一种适合的材料。每一次尝试之后,他都在思索新的材料该如何发挥作用 。他不断地记笔记,比较结果
。经过很长时间的实验之后,有人问爱迪生,如此浪费时间他难道不感到沮丧？爱迪生回答说:"我并没有浪费时间。我已经找出有一千种材料不管用 。现在我可以寻找其他材料了
。"爱迪生的话非常重要。最重要的是,科学家应该知道他们是在何时 、何处错了 。在科学上,一个问得高明的问题并不是"我对不对？"而是"我错没错？"

Scientists spend many years studying and training themselves to use their brains and the tools of investigation. duanwenw.com They also use each other’s work. Isaac Newton, the famous British scientist who lived over 300 years ago, once said he saw further than others because he stood on the shoulders of giants.

科学家经过多年的研究,训练自己使用大脑和各种研究手段
。他们也相互借鉴研究成果。生活在300多年前的英国科学家艾萨克·牛顿就曾说过,他之所以比别人看得更远,是因为他站在巨人的肩膀上 。